精神医学：Propranolol disrupts fear-induced persistent cocaine place preference and unmasks an aversion component.

原文摘录：Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and cocaine use disorder frequently co-occur, but how traumatic memories influence drug-associated behavior during drug withdrawal is unclear. … Our findings identify fear memory reactivations as an active regulator of drug-associated motivational states during withdrawal, with a noradrenergic mechanism as a proximal mediator, suggesting that β-adrenergic blockade combined with exposure-based extinction may benefit comorbid PTSD and cocaine use disorder