妇产科学：Facial Dysmorphism in Infants Following Combined Prenatal Exposure to Alcohol and Tobacco.

原文摘录：OBJECTIVES: Alcohol and smoking have well-established teratogenic effects; however, despite their frequent co-use during pregnancy, the combined impact on fetal development remains less understood. … These findings highlight the importance of interventions targeting alcohol and smoking cessation during pregnancy to reduce teratogenic risk