巴西ELSI-Brazil五年全国代表性分析：未确诊痴呆患病率下降但比例仍高
基于ELSI-Brazil两波全国代表性社区人群调查，研究者评估60岁及以上居民未确诊痴呆的患病率与人群画像。
#论文/研究
PubMed · Neurology
The Lancet · Online 神经内科：[Clinical Rounds] Vertigo, multifocal brain lesions, and a diagnostic clue on the skin
原文摘录：A woman aged 35 years was evaluated for a 1-year history of recurrent, brief (approximately 15 min) episodes of non-positional vertigo described as a spinning sensation. … Neurological and vestibular examinations, including audiometry and the Dix–Hallpike manoeuvre, were normal between episodes
EMA · What's New 神经内科：Human medicines European public assessment report (EPAR): Aldurazyme, laronidase, Date of authorisation: 09/06/2003, Revision: 28, Status: Authorised
原文摘录：Aldurazyme RSS Authorised This medicine is authorised for use in the European Union laronidase Medicine Human Authorised Application under evaluation CHMP opinion European Commission decision Overview This is a summary of the European public assessment re … This page was last updated on 06/11/2026
PubMed · Neurology 神经内科：Overlooked Writings of Sir William Gowers on Neurology in General Practice, Shorthand, and Education.
原文摘录：Sir William Richard Gowers (1845-1915), long hailed as the "Father of Clinical Neurology," has been the subject of 2 biographies and many essays relating to his contributions to the study of nervous disorders. … Recovered only through primary source research, these writings broaden our understanding of Gowers' intellectual range, showing him not only as a pioneering specialist in the study of nervous disorders but also as a physician engaged with general medicine and educational reform
PubMed · Journal of neurosurgery 52名日本职业摔跤手MRI研究提示反复轻度脑外伤相关的外侧中脑病变（OML）随职业年限进展
日本研究团队报告52名男性职业摔跤手2022年脑部MRI横断面研究，23.1%（12人）检出直径≥2mm的外侧中脑被盖病变（OML），对照组91名脊髓损伤或中枢性卒中后疼痛患者中未检出。
PubMed · PLoS ONE 神经内科：Stroke disability burden and rehabilitation service-capacity proxies in China, 1990-2023: A population-based analysis using GBD 2023 and national service statistics.
原文摘录：China's stroke burden is increasingly shaped by survival with disability, population ageing, and demand for rehabilitation and long-term support. … The burden-to-capacity proxy indicators provide planning context but do not direc
ClinicalTrials.gov API v2 · 登记更新 神经内科：Case-Specific Health Care Professional Clinical Survey of Liberant™ Thrombectomy System
原文摘录：The purpose of Case-Specific Health Care Professional (HCP) Clinical Survey of Liberant™ Thrombectomy System, also known as the Liberant Clinical Assessment, is to collect first-in-human clinical data to confirm the safety and performance of the Medtronic
PubMed · Stroke 神经内科：How Stroke Genetics Is Impacting Clinical Care: Now and the Future.
原文摘录：The past decade has seen a transformation in our understanding of the genetics of stroke. However, a commonly asked question is how do these advances impact the practicing clinician now, and what are their implications for clinical care in the future?
PubMed · Brain 贝叶斯多队列研究分析卒中后抑郁症状的病灶与网络机制
研究团队对来自法国、韩国、德国和美国的四个既往观察性队列共1,864例卒中患者进行贝叶斯体素级再分析，探讨病灶位置与卒中后抑郁症状的关联。结果显示抑郁症状与右额叶病灶及额叶皮层-皮层下环路以右侧为主的结构断连关联最强，并在左半球大部分区域观察到无关联证据；病灶网络映射提示与左侧后扣带回及楔前叶连接相关。研究基于既往队列再分析，属观察性证据。
PubMed · The Journal of Physiology 患者来源抗GluN1单克隆抗体对NMDA受体表现出表位依赖的急性抑制或增强作用
一项发表于The Journal of Physiology的膜片钳研究检测了两种抗NMDAR脑炎患者来源单克隆IgG抗体对转染GluN1-3a与GluN2A亚基细胞的急性作用。
PubMed · Brain 《Brain》发表前瞻性观察队列研究：格林-巴利综合征脑脊液T细胞应答失调及静脉注射免疫球蛋白（IVIg）治疗后演变（单细胞RNA测序联合TCR测序）
一项前瞻性观察队列研究对未经治疗的格林-巴利综合征（GBS）患者IVIg治疗前后的外周血和脑脊液进行单细胞RNA测序及配对TCR测序，治疗前血和脑脊液样本分别来自9例和8例患者，治疗后分别为6例和3例，并与已发表的 healthy 对照单细胞数据比较。
PubMed · Movement Disorders 脊髓小脑性共济失调3型感觉神经元早期广泛变性：40例携带者神经超声与电生理研究发表于Movement Disorders
一项纳入40例SCA3突变携带者（含10例前症状期个体）的多模态横断面研究，结合临床评估、高分辨率神经超声和电生理检查量化周围感觉神经系统变性。97%共济失调期和50%前症状期个体存在至少一条神经的感觉轴突丢失，上肢神经受累多于腓肠神经，提示非长度依赖性损害，且感觉轴突丢失程度与共济失调严重度、估计病程及日常生活活动能力相关。结果提示背根神经节早期受累，其生物标志物潜力尚需纵向研究验证。
PubMed · The Journal of Infectious Diseases 神经内科：Biological Sex as a Determinant of Neurological Outcomes During Zika Virus Infection.
原文摘录：Biological sex is a significant determinant of host responses and disease outcomes during viral infection. Although males often exhibit more robust pathological inflammatory responses, the implications for immune responses within the central nervous syste
PubMed · Acta Neuropathologica Acta Neuropathologica发表研究：脑膜瘤CALB1表达与无进展生存期缩短及染色体6q臂缺失相关
一项发表于Acta Neuropathologica的回顾性研究分析了147例患者的231个脑膜瘤TMA组织芯片及110例原发脑膜瘤独立分子队列。
PubMed · Nature Cell Biology Tau单体与纤维经不同细胞机制逃逸小胶质细胞清除：人源小胶质细胞机制研究
该发表于Nature Cell Biology的机制研究用人诱导多能干细胞来源小胶质细胞结合高分辨率成像与生化方法，分析胞外tau各形式的转运动力学。
PubMed · Movement Disorders 皮肤α-突触核蛋白种子扩增 assay（αSyn-SAA）研究显示可区分多系统萎缩与帕金森病
一项盲法横断面研究分析了117名参与者（42例PD、31例MSA、30例对照、14例PSP）的308份皮肤活检，采用标准化硫黄素T荧光αSyn-SAA检测病理α-突触核蛋白。
PubMed · Lab on a Chip 人源iPSC衍生肠-BBB-脑微生理模型用于阿尔茨海默病体外研究
研究者构建了人诱导多能干细胞衍生的肠-血脑屏障-脑微生理系统，用于在受控条件下研究阿尔茨海默病（AD）的肠-脑轴相互作用。该体外平台显示肠与脑区共培养伴随神经元和胶质标志物表达增加及成熟相关表型，且AD患者来源肠类器官的信号可使健康脑类器官出现神经元和胶质表型改变，提示肠源性因素可能参与AD脑功能障碍。研究属探索性体外模型，尚未在患者中验证。
PubMed · Epilepsia 隐源性新发难治性癫痫持续状态（cNORSE）患者血清和脑脊液细胞因子纵向动态与免疫治疗暴露的关联研究发表于 Epilepsia
一项发表于 Epilepsia 的观察性研究分析29例 cNORSE 患者的94份血清和14例患者的42份脑脊液样本，并用纳入27项研究、63例患者的系统文献综述佐证。
PubMed · Movement Disorders 帕金森病区域线粒体密度与选择性后部皮层萎缩的影像学研究
一项发表于Movement Disorders的影像学研究分析了849人（210名健康对照、639名帕金森病患者）的结构MRI，发现后部皮层萎缩轴（PC3）与区域线粒体密度正相关，在LRRK2突变帕金森病中表达更强，并选择性关联视空间功能障碍。
PubMed · Neurosurgery TRACK-TBI 回顾性队列研究：第1天血 GFAP 与创伤性颅内高压相关，UCH-L1 未显示关联
基于 TRACK-TBI 数据集的回顾性队列研究纳入229例≥17岁、行有创颅内压（ICP）监测且入院未行去骨瓣减压术的颅脑创伤患者，分析住院第1天血 GFAP 与 UCH-L1 浓度与 ICP 及治疗强度水平（TIL）的关系。
PubMed · Neurosurgery Neurosurgery发表回顾性队列研究：大核心缺血性卒中取栓患者选择中年龄、NIHSS与发病时间的分层分析
一项单中心前瞻性维护数据库回顾分析（2021–2025年，1458例取栓中80例ASPECTS≤5的大核心急性缺血性卒中）显示，90天功能独立（mRS 0–2）率10%、独立行走（mRS 0–3）率30%、死亡率34%，症状性颅内出血率6.3%。
New England Journal of Medicine · Current Issue 神经内科：Intravenous Thrombolysis for Acute Ischemic Stroke — New Directions
原文摘录：New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 395, Issue 18, Page 1841-1847, November 5, 2026.
PubMed · SLEEP 发作性睡病1型患者夜间REM睡眠起始标记的重测稳定性不佳
一项发表于SLEEP的观察性研究纳入227例未治疗的发作性睡病1型（NT1）儿童和成人，每位患者接受两次夜间多导睡眠图检查。结果显示nSOREMP在两次检查均出现者仅占41.8%，重测一致性差（κ=0.26，95% CI 0.14-0.39）；nDREM同样稳定性差。研究者认为其与年龄、MSLT结果和下丘脑分泌素水平相关提示REM调节的变异性，并提出两次PSG均未见nSOREMP也不应排除NT1。
PubMed · Neuron 神经内科：P2RX7 drives inflammatory microglia and pathogenic extracellular vesicle secretion in tauopathy.
原文摘录：P2X purinoreceptor 7 (P2RX7), an ATP-gated ion channel, contributes to Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression, but its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. … Thus, P2RX7 regulates the FRM branch point, driving inflammatory microglial transition and EV-mediated spread of tau and toxic mitochondrial molecules and highlighting the P2RX7-EV axis as a therapeutic target in AD
PubMed · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 瑞士研究建立脊髓损伤人群与普通人群直接可比的功能指标并量化差异
瑞士 researchers 结合SwiSCI队列与Swiss Health Survey（SHS）数据，基于ICF类别链接与Partial Credit Model开发统一的0–100功能指标，用于脊髓损伤或疾病（SCI/D）人群与普通人群直接比较。
PubMed · Stroke 神经内科：Motor Response Variability Reflects Recovery Potential After Stroke: A Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study.
原文摘录：BACKGROUND: Stroke recovery is highly heterogeneous, and predictive neurophysiological markers of motor outcome are still needed. … CONCLUSIONS: These findings reveal a dissociation between MEP amplitude and variability, suggesting that
WHO · Disease Outbreak News OData精选 神经内科：Shamonda virus in human - France
原文摘录：See all DONs related to this event Situation at a glance On 20 October 2026, the National IHR Focal Point (NFP) of France notified WHO regarding the first documented human infection with Shamonda virus (SHAV). … item/2026-DON623
关注理由：这篇神经内科资料可用于了解领域进展，研究设计、结果和局限性值得一起阅读。
PubMed · Pain Pain综述：从嵌压性神经病看局灶性神经病理性疼痛的机制多样性与表型异质性
《Pain》发表的综述指出，嵌压性神经病是全球最常见的局灶性神经病理性疼痛，传统“单纯机械压迫”观念正被人组织分析、神经影像与深度临床表型研究挑战，现认为是受微血管损害、脱髓鞘、轴突变性、免疫失调、神经炎症、中枢适应及心理社会因素不同程度塑造的生物学动态疾病。
PubMed · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research VBP15-002/003/LTE 30个月研究：vamorolone与prednisone、deflazacort治疗Duchenne肌营养不良男孩的肌肉功能、生长与骨骼健康比较
研究者比较v amorolone、prednisone与deflazacort治疗4至<7岁初治Duchenne肌营养不良男孩的30个月非随机开放标签IIa期数据（NCT02760264/NCT02760277/NCT03038399）。
PubMed · Neuroreport 神经内科：Lycopene protects against early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage via suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress.
原文摘录：OBJECTIVES: Neuroinflammation is closely associated with the poor prognosis of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Lycopene (Lyc), a naturally occurring carotenoid, possesses multiple pharmacological effects, especially its neuroprotective functi
medRxiv · 独立预印本精选 神经内科：Clinical Significance and Distribution of Cerebrospinal Fluid Type IV Oligoclonal Band Pattern in Neurological Disorders: A Retrospective Analysis
原文摘录：Background and ObjectivesTo characterize the clinical features and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings of patients exhibiting a type IV oligoclonal band (OCB) pattern, defined by the presence of identical IgG bands in both CSF and serum. … These findings support cautious interpretation of the type IV pattern in routine clinical practice
关注理由：这条神经内科内容值得查看其研究问题与证据来源，具体结论和适用范围以原文为准。
PubMed · NeuroImage 神经内科：Spectral-spatial modeling of neural couplings in functional connectivity of motor networks.
原文摘录：BACKGROUND: Functional neural connectivity reflects coordinated interactions within brain networks in both health and disease.
PubMed · Virology 神经内科：Neurotropic herpesviruses as accelerators of brain aging: The role of latency and reactivation in neurodegeneration.
原文摘录：Neurotropic herpesviruses establish lifelong latency within the human nervous system. Traditionally viewed as either harmless latent infections or rare causes of acute encephalitis, growing evidence suggests these viruses undergo recurrent, subclinical re
PubMed · Cells 腺苷-A2A受体信号经抑制谷氨酸兴奋性毒性减轻大鼠血栓栓塞性脑缺血损伤的机制研究
一项动物研究在大鼠自体血栓诱导的血栓栓塞性卒中模型中，采用腺苷、双嘧达莫及选择性腺苷受体拮抗剂，并结合GFAP启动子驱动的星形胶质细胞光遗传学调控，探讨腺苷的神经保护机制。
PubMed · Nutrients精选 神经内科：How to Implement a Ketogenic Diet Therapy in Developing Countries: Colombian Consensus on Ketogenic Diet Therapy Use in the Management of Adults with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy.
原文摘录：BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Drug-resistant epilepsy affects up to one-third of patients with epilepsy and is associated with higher morbidity, mortality, trauma events, psychosocial challenges, and decline in quality of life.
关注理由：这条神经内科内容涉及相关临床或研究问题，建议查看原文中的方法与适用范围。
PubMed · Neurobiology of Aging ACCORD血压试验研究：线粒体DNA拷贝数与异质性与2型糖尿病参与者认知功能的关联分析
ACCORD血压试验954例糖尿病参与者（平均62.8岁）的全线粒体基因组测序与qPCR分析显示，mMSS>0.5者基线加工速度较差（β=-4.94，95% CI：-9.44至-0.43）。
PubMed · Experimental Neurology 联合药物靶向NAD+代谢在Wallerian变性的离体模型中保护中枢与外周轴突（Experimental Neurology 研究）
一项使用坐骨神经和视神经段的Wallerian变性离体模型研究显示，联合NAMPT抑制剂FK866、烟酰胺核糖（NaR）补充及DLK-JNK抑制剂GNE-3511，可在培养7天内显著保存轴突完整性，抑制SARM1 NADase与DLK-JNK激活，效果与正构抑制剂NB-3相近，神经丝稳定方面可能更优。
PubMed · Neurobiology of Aging 轻度创伤性脑损伤累积负担与退伍军人白质加速老化相关：横断面研究发表于Neurobiology of Aging
一项针对710名美国退伍军人（19-80岁，平均37岁）的横断面研究显示，轻度创伤性脑损伤（mTBI）累积负担越高，年龄与白质微结构完整性之间的负相关越陡。全束分析发现腹侧扣带束和视辐射存在mTBI与年龄的交互作用，沿束分析另在五条白质通路上发现交互聚集区。结果提示mTBI累积负担越高，急性期恢复后白质年龄相关退化越快，且损伤集中于特定束段；该研究为横断面设计，尚不能确立因果关系。
PubMed · Free Radical Biology and Medicine 神经内科：Dysfunctional mitophagy in Alzheimer's disease: evidence from peripheral optineurin.
原文摘录：Mitophagy and mitochondrial quality-control pathways are impaired in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the relevance of peripheral mitophagy markers and their regulation during sustained amyloid-β (Aβ) stress remain unclear.
PubMed · Journal of the Neurological Sciences 506例动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者脑血管痉挛预测因素的单中心多变量回顾性分析（Journal of the Neurological Sciences）
一项单中心回顾性分析纳入506例动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血（aSAH）成人患者，其中90例（17.7%）发生脑血管痉挛（CVS）。多变量logistic回归显示，年龄<52岁、去骨瓣减压术和脑积水与任何CVS独立相关；既往缺血性卒中和modified Fisher 3–4级与症状性CVS独立相关（modified Fisher 3、4级与任何CVS仅呈临界关联，p<0.10）。