原文摘录：Chemotherapeutic drugs, either alone or in combination with immunotherapy, are routinely used in cancer treatment. However, cancer cells frequently develop resistance to chemotherapy, and the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood.
原文摘录：When the classes in a training set come from different data sources, a classifier can score near-perfectly while learning where a sample came from. … It raised no false alarms, ranked models by their real reliance on the source, transferred to unseen model types and data, and failed where its theory predicts
原文摘录：The successful implementation of antitumor immunity hinges largely on a chain of stepwise events known as the cancer-immunity cycle (CIC). … These promising nanomedicines
一项纳入1990至2022年172例外阴鳞状细胞癌（vSCC）的回顾性队列研究发现，肿瘤出芽活性（TBA）≥20/10 HPF与更短的无复发生存期相关，在全队列（P=0.002）及HPV无关/p53异常亚组（P=0.003）中均成立，后者在校正淋巴管侵犯和pTNM T、N分期后仍显著（P=0.012）。
一项纳入207例头颈癌（HNC）生存者（70.5%为男性，平均年龄66.2岁）的横断面问卷研究，使用EORTC QLQ-C30、Distress Thermometer和QQ问卷评估生活质量（QoL）、心理困扰及治疗偏好。
原文摘录：Coordinating catalytic species, gaseous mediators, and small-molecule drugs at a tumor site remains difficult because each component follows a different activation and release process.
一项按性别和BMI分层的泛癌分析显示，肥胖（BMI≥30）仅与男性患者免疫检查点抑制剂（ICI）治疗后生存改善相关；饮食诱导肥胖（DIO）小鼠模型中仅雄性荷瘤小鼠对ICI反应更好，雌性DIO小鼠肿瘤相关巨噬细胞向M2极化增多，卵巢切除可减少M2极化并增加ICI后肿瘤浸润T细胞。
小鼠实验显示，病毒载体肿瘤治疗性疫苗联合卡铂+紫杉醇化疗的效果优于单用疫苗，再加抗PD-1的三联方案显著优于其他组合；该辅助效应提示依赖转录因子TCF-1，TCF-1敲除小鼠中改善消失。髓系细胞清除是部分机制，环磷酰胺也有此效应而吉西他滨没有。化疗与免疫干预的顺序和时机仍需确定，结果尚未在人体验证。
一项基于 TCGA-LUAD 和 TCGA-LUSC 队列的观察性研究分析 F2、F5、PROS1、SERPINC1 易栓基因突变与肺癌生存的关系，纳入 569 例突变患者与 850 例无突变者，采用单变量和多变量 Cox 模型校正年龄、种族、AJCC 分期等因素。
一项基于组织芯片（TMA）的免疫组化研究分析了148种肿瘤类型共17,285例样本，其中13,318例可评估肿瘤中87.7%无nestin染色，7.2%弱阳性、2.7%中度、2.4%强阳性。
研究者在原发性切除结直肠癌患者中发现 XIAP 是总生存期的独立预测因子，并利用肠上皮细胞特异性 Xiap 敲除与 XIAP 敲入小鼠的结肠炎相关肿瘤模型，显示 XIAP 促进炎症信号并加剧中结肠炎驱动的肿瘤发生，伴免疫细胞浸润增加与血管化增强。该促炎作用在患者来源类器官和人结直肠癌组织标本中得到验证，提示 XIAP 可作为复发风险候选标志物；作为临床前与观察性证据，靶向策略仍待探索。
原文摘录：Alkylation chemotherapy is commonly used against tumors such as glioblastoma, yet resistance often develops through downregulation of mismatch repair (MMR). … Our results provide new insight into the mechanism of alkylation chemoresistance and uncover an unappreciated cross-talk between MMR and BER
一项发表于Cancer Cell的研究（PMID 42956742）发现，PAR4介导的血小板反应性增高参与胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）抗肿瘤免疫的性别差异。在小鼠模型中，药物或基因抑制PAR4仅在雌性中延长生存，且该作用依赖雌激素，通过肿瘤微环境中CD8+T细胞浸润与功能增强介导，并与雌激素受体β（ERβ）信号相关。结果来自动物模型，PAR4作为治疗靶点尚需临床验证。
一项发表于Cancer Cell的临床前研究整合基因组、转录组和蛋白组分析242例胰腺癌患者来源类器官及配对肿瘤组织，发现一部分KRAS G12D突变类器官对KRAS G12D靶向治疗内在耐药，伴先天免疫信号通路下调。
原文摘录：Ibrance - withdrawal of application for variation to marketing authorisation Application withdrawn The application for a change to this medicine's authorisation has been withdrawn palbociclib Post-authorisation Human Overview Pfizer Europe MA EEIG withdre … News on Ibrance Meeting highlights from the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) 12-15 October 2026 16/10/2026 Meeting highlights from the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) 12-15 September 2016 (corrected) 21/09/2016 New treatment for breast cancer 16/09/2016 More information on Ibrance Ibrance This page was last updated on 28/10/2026
关注理由：这篇肿瘤学内容涉及临床试验，适合了解研究正在回答什么问题，试验阶段和主要终点需以原文为准。
研究者在细胞线粒体基质表达来自假单胞菌的D-丙氨酸脱氢酶，加入D-丙氨酸使肿瘤细胞线粒体内直接生成丙酮酸（Grubaw系统），恢复氧化代谢。该体外操作使患者来源黑色素瘤细胞等增殖减慢、DNA复制与增殖相关基因受抑；HeLa细胞反将线粒体内多余丙酮酸排出胞外，转运通路未知。研究证实肿瘤细胞得益于Warburg效应下的糖酵解转换，线粒体活动本身即可下调肿瘤细胞增殖。
原文摘录：Emerging evidence highlights a strong association between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and increased cancer risk, with partially overlapping metabolic disruptions potentially driving both diseases.
研究者用 KPC 及 KPC-MUC16 敲除基因工程与原位小鼠模型发现，MUC16 缺失显著降低肿瘤负荷，减少 CD206+ 和 Ym1/2+ M2 样巨噬细胞、提高 M1/M2 比值并改善生存。
一项体外与动物研究显示，从药用植物小白菊提取的倍半萜内酯parthenolide（Pt）可诱导人U-87MG和T98G胶质母细胞瘤细胞凋亡、抑制干性和侵袭，并在雄性NOD-SCID小鼠原位GBM模型中增强替莫唑胺（TMZ）疗效。
原文摘录：Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of mortality, with most cases refractory to immunotherapy. Distinguishing tumor-induced from steady-state mucosal T cell responses represents a critical barrier to understanding CRC immunity.
Kokkanti 等在 Oncogene 发表观点性论述，提出肿瘤微环境（TME）记忆概念，认为慢性炎症、代谢应激、治疗压力和细胞外基质重塑可在癌细胞与基质细胞中留下持久表观遗传与结构印迹，形成依赖历史的表型。
Merck与Moderna公布intismeran autogene联合Keytruda治疗黑色素瘤术后患者的III期中期结果：中位随访两年，联合组复发或死亡风险较Keytruda单药降低42%，两年未复发率为82.2%对70%，主要终点无复发生存期达到。
关注理由：该评论将泄露后公布的III期中期数据与II期结果及Keytruda单药两年基线对照，指出总生存期尚未成熟、膀胱癌与肾细胞癌数据未读出，有助于把疗效信息与资本市场波动分开看待。
原文摘录：CBL is a multifunctional protein with E3 ubiquitin ligase and adaptor capacities, critical to regulating tyrosine kinase signaling pathways.
原文摘录：Combination therapy targeting PD-1 and VEGF has demonstrated significant clinical benefits in multiple cancers. However, developing a single-molecule bispecific agent capable of simultaneously blocking both pathways with enhanced VEGF-binding capacity rem … These findings highlight PKVBP as a promising bispecific candidate with superior VEGF-blocking capability and favorable developability, supporting its further investigation for synergistic cancer immunotherapy
原文摘录：We herein describe the structure-based design, synthesis and biological evaluation of a new class of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) inhibitors guided by X-ray crystal structures of our previously identified compounds 13-15.
研究发现肝细胞癌（HCC）细胞中脂肪酸转运蛋白5（FATP5）广泛下调，恶性细胞摄取长链脂肪酸（LCFAs）减少，过剩LCFAs被动蓄积于邻近的FATP3+肿瘤相关内皮细胞（TECs），激活PPARγ并旁分泌CXCL12，后者经CXCR4诱导浸润CD8+T细胞PD-1表达与终末耗竭，形成免疫抑制微环境并损害内皮屏障、增加血行转移风险。
研究者在食管鳞癌（ESCC）中鉴定出超级增强子（SE）经ETS1和HuR调控驱动的新型环状RNA circPRRC2B。体内外实验显示circPRRC2B而非PRRC2B促增殖、侵袭和转移，其机制为结合TALDO1并经BAP1去泛素化稳定TALDO1，激活磷酸戊糖通路、升高谷胱甘肽并抑制线粒体活性氧，维持氧化还原平衡；靶向circPRRC2B的反义寡核苷酸显著抑制ESCC生长。
原文摘录：Image credit: © Chinnapong | stock.adobe.com EMA recommends authorisation of Rasonque for metastatic pancreatic cancer 15 October 2026 Phased review fast tracks assessment of medicine addressing unmet medical need News Human Innovation Medicines EMA’s hum … eu All other enquiries Please submit your request via the online form Follow us on Bluesky Related medicine information Rasonque
关注理由：这条肿瘤学内容涉及相关临床或研究问题，建议查看原文中的方法与适用范围。
一项整合TCGA-ESCC转录组数据与细胞衰老相关基因库、并在GSE20347队列独立验证的研究鉴定出GREM2和PIK3C2G为食管鳞癌（ESCC）衰老相关候选基因。
原文摘录：l-Asparaginase is a fundamental chemotherapeutic agent for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) that depletes circulating asparagine to induce apoptosis in leukemic blasts. … V27A variant delivers an improved safety profile without compromising therapeutic potency, emerging as
Physiological Reviews发表综述，系统阐述单羧酸转运蛋白（MCT）在pH调节、氧化还原平衡和能量稳态中的生理作用，以及MCT1和MCT4在癌细胞中过表达与侵袭性行为、不良预后和治疗耐药的关联。文中介绍MCT抑制剂的开发进展，其中一种已进入早期临床评估，并讨论肿瘤微环境重塑、预后影响及靶向MCT的转化障碍与精准肿瘤学方向。
原文摘录：BACKGROUND: Gliomas are molecularly heterogeneous central nervous system tumors with marked variation in clinical outcome. Alzheimer's disease (AD)-associated transcriptional alterations may capture neural and immune programs relevant to glioma biology, b … HPA observations provide orthogonal public-database support for selected signature components, while
原文摘录：Germline variations contribute to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) susceptibility. We identified a germline deletion (exons 7-8) in HIF3A in an ESCC family and investigated its functional impact using CRISPR/Cas9-engineered cells and Hif3a-eKO1 m
原文摘录：AIMS: Histologic grading of the primary tumor (PT) is an established prognostic factor in lung adenocarcinoma; however, the clinical relevance of histologic patterns in metastatic lymph nodes (MLNs) remains unclear. … These findings suggest that MLN morphology may provide complementary pathological information regarding patterns of locoregional recurrence after surgical resection
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原文摘录：OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the frequency of neuroendocrine cell proliferation (NCP) in the tumor bed and adjacent mucosa in gastric and gastroesophageal junction carcinomas that had received neoadjuvant therapy, and to elucidate its prognost … However, further investigation is required to explore the cause of this proliferation
原文摘录：Atypical intraductal proliferations of the prostate encompass a spectrum from high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) to intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDCP), the latter being strongly associated with aggressive prostate cancer. … These findings highlight persistent interobserver variability and the need for clearer diagnostic criteria, education, and further biological characterization of AIP and IDCP