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#论文/研究
11月5日周四
  1. The Lancet · Online

    肾脏病学：[Articles] Preparing for responsive management versus renal dialysis in older people living with kidney failure and frailty or multimorbidity in the UK (Prepare for Kidney Care): a two-arm, superiority, parallel-group, open-label, pragmatic, phase 3, individually randomised controlled trial

    原文摘录：Among older people living with kidney failure and frailty or multimorbidity, we found no evidence that either preparing for responsive management or preparing for renal dialysis was superior in terms of QALYs over a mean follow-up duration of 4·5 years.

    关注理由：关注肾脏病学时，这项随机对照研究可提供直接比较的证据，主要终点和研究局限需要一起阅读。

  2. The Lancet · Online

    肿瘤学：[Seminar] Retinoblastoma

    原文摘录：Retinoblastoma, the most common primary intraocular malignancy of childhood, represents a substantial global health equity concern, exemplifying profound disparities in global burden and outcome despite being a largely curable cancer. … approximately half of these cases instead show high-level amplification of the MYCN oncogene

  3. The Lancet · Online

    医学研究：[Comment] Left main coronary artery disease: PCI or CABG for revascularisation strategy

    原文摘录：Clinical guidelines generally favour coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) over percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) as the revascularisation strategy of choice in patients with left main coronary artery disease. … 3 The PRECOMBAT trial4 and SYNTAX Extended Survival trial5 similarly demonstrated no significant differences in all-cause mortality at 10 years between patients who underwent PCI with first-generation drug-eluting stents and those who underwent CABG

    关注理由：如果关注医学研究，这项随机对照研究的分组方式、主要终点和组间差异值得细读。

11月4日周三
  4. PubMed · SLEEP

    发作性睡病1型患者夜间REM睡眠起始标记的重测稳定性不佳

    一项发表于SLEEP的观察性研究纳入227例未治疗的发作性睡病1型（NT1）儿童和成人，每位患者接受两次夜间多导睡眠图检查。结果显示nSOREMP在两次检查均出现者仅占41.8%，重测一致性差（κ=0.26，95% CI 0.14-0.39）；nDREM同样稳定性差。研究者认为其与年龄、MSLT结果和下丘脑分泌素水平相关提示REM调节的变异性，并提出两次PSG均未见nSOREMP也不应排除NT1。

  5. PubMed · Journal of Biological Chemistry

    靶向CLDN3破坏NF-κB/p65-CXCL1-PD-L1轴增强抗PD-1疗效：胃癌临床前研究发表于Journal of Biological Chemistry

    研究者报告CLDN3在胃癌组织中上调，与不良预后及肿瘤内CD8+ T细胞浸润减少相关，并通过促进p65磷酸化入核增强CXCL1转录、以CXCL1依赖方式上调PD-L1，介导免疫逃逸；研究基于临床队列、体外、体内及多组学分析（PMID 42982193）。

  6. WHO · Official News OData

    内分泌与代谢：One in four adolescents worldwide reported no active days in the previous week

    原文摘录：One in four adolescents worldwide reported not getting at least 60 minutes of physical activity on any day in the previous week. … Stand with science”, the theme of World Health Day 2026, marks a year-long campaign to highlight science as the foundation for protecting health and well-being worldwide

    关注理由：这条内分泌与代谢资料适合作为深入阅读入口，尤其要关注研究方法与结论是否匹配。

  11. PubMed · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases

    GBD 2023二次分析：1990-2023年全球劳动年龄人群肌肉骨骼疾病负担与经济成本研究

    作者基于GBD 2023数据开展二次分析，量化1990-2023年全球15-64岁人群肌肉骨骼疾病负担。2023年该病造成1.194亿DALYs（95% UI 82.1-167.2，较1990年增加77.2%）和12.2亿现患病例，98.6%的DALYs为非致死性；经济成本达5.27万亿国际元，其中89.0%为间接成本，高SDI国家承担77.6%。

  12. PubMed · Science Translational Medicine

    VRC01抗体预防HIV-1感染随访至104周：敏感毒株获保护后出现耐药突破感染

    研究团队分析AMP两项平行试验至104周最终访视的HIV-1获得情况：静脉输注广谱中和抗体VRC01后，对VRC01高度敏感（IC80<阈限）的病毒感染被阻断，而随着体内VRC01浓度下降，在药物选择压力下 evolved 出更强耐药性的病毒以可检出的突破感染出现（VRC01组11例对安慰剂组1例）。结果提示单株抗体只能阻断敏感株，预防病毒逃逸与突破感染可能需要多种抗体联合。

  17. PubMed · British Journal of Cancer

    肿瘤学：Long-term fatigue based on the EORTC QLQ-C30 up to five years after radiotherapy and its trajectories in men diagnosed with non-metastatic prostate cancer in the international REQUITE study.

    原文摘录：BACKGROUND: Fatigue is a common symptom in cancer patients associated with impaired quality of life (QoL). Little is known about long-term fatigue trajectories in prostate cancer (PCa) patients. … PCa patients with elevated pre-radiotherapy fatigue levels and diabetes may require closer monitoring in risk-stratified aftercare programmes

    关注理由：这条肿瘤学内容涉及相关临床或研究问题，建议查看原文中的方法与适用范围。

  21. WHO · Official News OData

    感染病学：Progress against neglected tropical diseases requires sustained action

    原文摘录：WHO / Monika Mey Local health workers in Cambodia are trained in surveillance techniques, including stool examination using Kato-Katz, to detect schistosomiasis eggs, identify potential hotspots and support early detection and treatment. … int Related Global report on neglected tropical diseases 2026 Ending the neglect to attain the Sustainable Development Goals: A road map for neglected tropical diseases 2021–2030 WHO's work on neglected tropical diseases More WHO Global Neglected Tropical Diseases Programme

    关注理由：关于感染病学的这条内容有明确出处，主要发现和适用人群可在原文中继续核查。

  22. PubMed · The EMBO Journal

    EMBO Journal研究：四跨膜蛋白CD81抑制埃博拉病毒感染，病毒糖蛋白GP和基质蛋白VP40可拮抗CD81

    埃博拉病毒糖蛋白GP降低细胞表面四跨膜蛋白CD81、CD63和CD9的可用性，该功能在多种丝状病毒糖蛋白中保守。研究显示CD81抑制病毒样颗粒进入和病毒复制，可能通过抑制VP40诱导的NF-κB信号起效，且GP与VP40均与CD81相互作用并降低其表达；CD81抗体聚集可抑制感染。研究提示CD81是潜在可成药的埃博拉病毒抑制性宿主因子（The EMBO Journal）。

  25. PubMed · Cell Death and Disease

    APPΔS622 敲入小鼠研究：生理性 APP 加工为突触可塑性与认知所需

    研究人员构建删除 α 和 β 分泌酶位点的 APPΔS622 敲入小鼠，该模型缺乏 APPsα、APPβ 和 Aβ 生成。小鼠显示海马 LTP 和稳态突触可塑性显著缺陷，伴突触密度和头部尺寸下降及认知行为受损，缺陷可分别被外源 APPsα 和 Aβ 挽救。研究提示生理性 APP 加工产物对互补形式突触可塑性必要，结果限于小鼠模型，DOI 等信息原文未提供。

  26. PubMed · Genome Research

    Cycle-Extractor方法研究：从短读长与长读长测序数据重建癌细胞ecDNA环状结构

    研究团队发布Cycle-Extractor（CE）方法，基于断点图与混合整数线性规划从短读长和长读长测序数据重建染色体外DNA（ecDNA）环状结构。在模拟ecDNA数据上，CE准确度与CoRAL相当并持续优于AmpliconArchitect和Decoil；在癌细胞系上表现与CoRAL相当且平均快约40倍。

  28. PubMed · Biotechnology and Bioengineering

    用于单克隆抗体生物工艺开发的微流控TFF装置：超滤与渗滤模式的缩小规模验证

    研究者开发了一种微流控切向流过滤（µTFF）平台，保持壁剪切率与跨膜压力，可在10 mL（UF）和1 mL（DF）进料体积下运行，UF/DF运行时间缩短至2.33 h，回收率高于88%。经BSA和单克隆抗体验证，该平台在匹配剪切条件下复现台式规模的过滤时间、TMP行为和渗透通量曲线，并显示PES膜跨尺度趋势一致而RC膜存在膜特异性变异。作者定位其为TFF工艺优化的高通量筛选工具，材料仅含摘要。

  29. PubMed · The American Journal of the Medical Sciences

    肾脏病学：Severe Hyperkalemia in the Emergency Department: Factors Associated with Dialysis and Mortality.

    原文摘录：BACKGROUND: Severe hyperkalemia is a potentially life-threatening emergency, yet data focusing specifically on non-dialysis-dependent patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with potassium levels ≥7.0 mmol/L remain limited. … These findings support a context-based approach to risk stratification and dialysis decision-making

    关注理由：这篇肾脏病学资料涉及队列研究，建议重点关注入组人群、随访时长和结局定义。

  31. PubMed · The American Journal of the Medical Sciences

    医学研究：Assessment of immune function with a cytokine release assay predicts 90-day survival in people with alcohol-related hepatitis.

    原文摘录：BACKGROUND: Alcohol-related hepatitis (AH) has a 30% 90-day mortality. More accurate predictors of mortality and infection are needed to guide patient management. … QFM could be integrated into clinical management pathways as a decision tool to guide treatment options

    关注理由：关于医学研究的队列研究值得进一步阅读，随访是否完整以及结局如何测量都很重要。

  36. PubMed · Diseases of the Colon & Rectum

    基于机器学习的直肠癌手术后严重并发症风险预测模型研究

    韩国某三级转诊中心对2011–2025年间3,503例根治性直肠癌切除吻合患者（3,402例回顾性建模、101例前瞻性验证）开发并时间性内部验证了预测术后30天内Clavien-Dindo ≥3级严重并发症的机器学习模型，回顾性队列严重并发症发生率9.8%、前瞻性队列13.9%。