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#论文/研究
10月31日周六
10月30日周五
  1. EMA · News and Safety Reviews

    精神医学：Meeting highlights from the Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee (PRAC) 26 - 29 October 2026

    原文摘录：Image credit: © tadamichi | stock.adobe.com Meeting highlights from the Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee (PRAC) 26 - 29 October 2026 30 October 2026 PRAC starts review of depression and anxiety medicine Deanxit and a safety signal related to hu … eu All other enquiries please submit your request via the online form Follow us on Bluesky Related medicine information Flupentixol/melitracen-containing medicinal products - referral Topics Pharmacovigilance

    关注理由：如果关注精神医学，这篇内容值得阅读其研究对象、方法设计和主要发现。

  2. FDA · MedWatch Safety Alerts

    血液病学：Platelet Factor 4 (PF4) Radioimmunoassay Recall: Instrumentation Laboratories Removes HemosIL AcuStar HIT-IgG(PF4-H)

    原文摘录：This recall involves removing certain devices from where they are used or sold. The FDA has identified this recall as the most serious type. This device may cause serious injury or death if you continue to use it. … Health care professionals and consumers may report adverse reactions or quality problems they experienced using these devices to MedWatch: The FDA Safety Information and Adverse Event Reporting Program

    关注理由：这篇血液病学资料可用于了解领域进展，研究设计、结果和局限性值得一起阅读。

  3. PubMed · Endocrine Reviews

    心血管医学：Non-Classical Apparent Mineralocorticoid Excess Syndrome: Current Evidence and Future Challenges.

    原文摘录：Hypertension affects over 1.3 billion people worldwide and is the leading modifiable cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. … A research agenda is advanced to drive threshold standardization, multicenter validation, and integration of NC-AME into hypertension guidelines across endocrinology, cardiology, and nephrology

  4. PubMed · Nature Structural & Molecular Biology

    体外机制研究揭示内质网膜蛋白复合体EMC兼具分子伴侣活性，参与电压门控钙通道Cav的共翻译组装

    该体外机制研究显示，人内质网膜蛋白复合体（EMC）除插入酶功能外还具有分子伴侣活性，促进异三聚体电压门控钙通道（Cav）的组装。利用功能分离突变和抑制性纳米抗体，研究者发现选择性干扰EMC伴侣功能会导致新生Cav通道过早降解，并损害Cav依赖的心肌细胞收缩；Cav成孔α亚基的招募为共翻译发生，依赖其第一跨膜域束从核糖体-多跨易位子复合体突出。该结果尚未在患者中验证临床意义。

  8. PubMed · Acta Neuropathologica

    叙述性综述：脑脊液细胞学的核心原则、诊断陷阱及人工智能与远程细胞学等新兴数字工具

    Acta Neuropathologica发表一篇叙述性综述，总结脑脊液细胞学在中枢神经系统感染性、自身免疫性、出血性和肿瘤性疾病诊断中的核心原则、方法学局限与诊断陷阱，并整合自动细胞计数、人工智能和远程细胞学等新兴进展。综述指出延迟处理导致细胞丢失，快速离心制样可保存形态；手工计数池在正常及低细胞计数范围内仍是定量金标准，专家镜检仍是定性评估的参考标准。

10月29日周四
  1. PubMed · Metabolism

    基于GBD数据的2026年全球肥胖及心-肾-肝代谢并发症流行病学更新研究发表

    研究者分析全球疾病负担（GBD）研究数据，评估2023年20岁及以上成人超重和肥胖患病率及2000-2023年相关疾病趋势。2023年全球肥胖患病率约19.5%，较2000年上升约95%；MASLD、T2DM、CKD、痴呆及肥胖相关癌症年龄标化患病率同期上升，而年龄标化CVD患病率略降，提示心血管风险的多因素性质。作者呼吁采取人群层面综合防控策略。

  2. PubMed · AIDS

    常规医疗中来那卡韦（lenacapavir）用于HIV暴露前预防的早期患者报告结局与计划持续用药研究

    一项多中心研究评估了在常规医疗中开始每半年一次来那卡韦（lenacapavir, LEN）HIV暴露前预防（PrEP）者的早期患者报告结局。减少给药频率带来的便利是启用LEN的主要动机，尽管注射部位反应常见但多为轻度，总体满意度较高；持续性结节和疼痛是患者对未来继续用药的主要顾虑。研究提示需以患者为中心的咨询和实施策略来优化长效PrEP的长期坚持。

  3. PubMed · AIDS

    医学研究：Comorbidity burden and outcomes with long-acting cabotegravir plus rilpivirine in the RELATIVITY cohort.

    原文摘录：In RELATIVITY, among 3118 virologically suppressed people with HIV switching to long-acting cabotegravir plus rilpivirine, 40.0% had at least one comorbidity and 16.8% had multimorbidity. … 2%) were similar across strata, suggesting that comorbidity burden alone should not preclude individualized use in routine care

  5. PubMed · Environment International

    以AOP为锚整合组学效力与PBK模拟的PFOS/PFOA机制性化学品风险评估框架研究

    研究者在Environment International发表方法研究，提出以不良结局通路（AOP）为锚的框架，将转录组剂量-反应建模与集合生理毒代动力学（PBK）模拟结合，把体外分子扰动转化为暴露相关、机制可解释的指标，并估计PBK预测内部浓度超过转录组推导KE水平起始点（POD）的概率。

  6. PubMed · Cancer Cell

    临床前研究：血小板PAR4信号以性别特异方式调控胶质母细胞瘤抗肿瘤免疫

    一项发表于Cancer Cell的研究（PMID 42956742）发现，PAR4介导的血小板反应性增高参与胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）抗肿瘤免疫的性别差异。在小鼠模型中，药物或基因抑制PAR4仅在雌性中延长生存，且该作用依赖雌激素，通过肿瘤微环境中CD8+T细胞浸润与功能增强介导，并与雌激素受体β（ERβ）信号相关。结果来自动物模型，PAR4作为治疗靶点尚需临床验证。

  7. PubMed · Journal of Endocrinology

    内分泌与代谢：Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy inhibits 11βHSD1 and subsequently reduces IL6 secretion in Mice and Humans: A Shared Anti-Inflammatory Mechanism.

    原文摘录：BACKGROUND: Vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) improves glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes (T2D) through mechanisms that extend beyond weight loss. The interaction between glucocorticoid metabolism and inflammation in this context remains unclear.

10月28日周三
  1. PubMed · Environment International

    玉米赤霉烯酮作为分子胶促进PPARγ的K33链接泛素化降解，花色苷C3G可缓解其对小鼠葡萄糖代谢的影响（机制研究）

    环境国际（Environment International）发表的机制研究显示，真菌毒素玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEA）作为分子胶促进PPARγ发生K33链接多聚泛素化并经蛋白酶体降解，抑制其转录活性与下游糖酵解基因表达。

  4. PubMed · Pharmaceutical Research

    基于建模与模拟预测弱碱性药物口服吸收：胃酸抑制药与储存致游离型药物增加的影响

    研究者建立了一个模拟模型，结合体外溶解度、渗透性与沉淀实验数据，预测胃pH及片剂储存中游离型药物增加对弱碱性药物口服吸收的影响。模型以健康志愿者胶囊临床数据验证，预测误差在±19%以内，并成功再现了合用胃酸抑制药（ARAs）受试者血浆浓度下降，观测与预测的血浆浓度比值分别为0.14和0.25。该模型可辅助制剂设计与临床开发，尚属模拟方法学研究。

  7. PubMed · Chemical Reviews

    综述：细菌表面与屏障的生物合成及病原体-宿主相互作用

    Chemical Reviews发表的一篇综述系统梳理革兰类群（Gracilicutes与Terrabacteria）细菌表面结构的分子组成与生物合成，涵盖脂质多样性、内膜蛋白与脂蛋白加工、肽聚糖、磷壁酸、S层、外膜与脂多糖、分枝杆菌菌酸-阿拉伯半乳聚糖-肽聚糖复合物、荚膜、菌毛与I–XI型分泌系统。

  8. PubMed · Fertility and Sterility

    单中心回顾性队列：无排卵受孕周期改变孕早期子宫动脉搏动指数与子痫前期风险的关联

    比利时布鲁塞尔大学医院对2021年5月至2023年12月3,651例单胎妊娠在孕11至14+1周行子宫动脉多普勒评估的单中心回顾性队列研究显示，搏动指数与子痫前期风险的关联因受孕方式而异：自然受孕妊娠中较高搏动指数与子痫前期相关（OR 5.31。

10月27日周二
  3. medRxiv · 独立预印本

    内分泌与代谢：Gene-gene and Gene-Environment Interactions Improve Genetic Risk Predictions for Complex Diseases

    原文摘录：Polygenic risk scores (PRS) assume additive SNP effects, yet genetic risk also arises from interactions between loci and environmental factors that contribute to broad-sense heritability. … A composite score was predictive over traditional additive PRS and predictive of T2D among individuals whose clinical symptoms fall within normal ranges

  4. medRxiv · 独立预印本

    骨科与运动医学：Statistical Analysis Plan for the REDEP study: Effectiveness of dual-mobility cups for preventing dislocation after primary total hip arthroplasty by a posterolateral approach compared to unipolar cups in elderly patients

    原文摘录：Periprosthetic hip dislocation is a frequent complication after primary total hip arthroplasty. Observational studies suggest that dual mobility cups may reduce dislocation risk to approximately 1%, but definitive randomized evidence supporting their rout

    关注理由：如果关注骨科与运动医学，这项随机对照研究的分组方式、主要终点和组间差异值得细读。

  5. medRxiv · 独立预印本

    神经内科：Clinical Significance and Distribution of Cerebrospinal Fluid Type IV Oligoclonal Band Pattern in Neurological Disorders: A Retrospective Analysis

    原文摘录：Background and ObjectivesTo characterize the clinical features and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings of patients exhibiting a type IV oligoclonal band (OCB) pattern, defined by the presence of identical IgG bands in both CSF and serum. … These findings support cautious interpretation of the type IV pattern in routine clinical practice

    关注理由：这条神经内科内容值得查看其研究问题与证据来源，具体结论和适用范围以原文为准。

  6. PubMed · International Journal of Obesity

    系统综述：儿童期虐待与体成分指标的关联（International Journal of Obesity）

    一项发表于 International Journal of Obesity 的系统综述检索 MEDLINE、Embase、LILACS、Scopus、PsycINFO 和 Web of Science 至2026年4月23日的文献，纳入12项研究（2015–2026年，样本75–151,143人，3–90岁），其中9项为横断面或横断面分析、3项为纵向设计。

  8. medRxiv · 独立预印本

    骨科与运动医学：Implementation of high-dose glucocorticoids and opioid consumption in the first 24 hours after elective hip and knee arthroplasty: a natural experiment study of 47,317 procedures in Eastern Denmark

    原文摘录：BackgroundIn Denmark, high-dose perioperative glucocorticoids were implemented stepwise for patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA), total knee arthroplasty (TKA), and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). … ConclusionsImplementation of high-dose glucocorticoids was associated with only a small drop in opioid consumption, below the minimal important differenc

  9. medRxiv · 独立预印本

    外科与麻醉：Educational expectations and needs of individuals scheduled for breast surgery within the Primary Nursing Model: a qualitative study

    原文摘录：BackgroundA diagnosis of breast cancer may represent a potentially destabilizing event, with significant physical, psychological, and social implications. … The transcripts will be analyzed using thematic analysis according to Braun and Clarke, with a ph

    关注理由：这条外科与麻醉内容涉及相关临床或研究问题，建议查看原文中的方法与适用范围。

  11. PubMed · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease

    认知矫正治疗精神分裂症与抑郁症：治疗参与和作业完成预测因素的两项研究分析

    两项研究共纳入精神分裂症患者70例和抑郁症患者74例，以治疗出席率和作业完成率（低于50%定义为非参与）评估认知矫正治疗（CR）的参与情况。精神分裂症患者中，治疗参与者年龄更大、出院时间更长、接受以执行功能训练为主的CR，作业参与者神经认知功能更高，且仅CR类型（执行功能训练）预测出席率；抑郁症患者中治疗和作业参与组间均未见显著差异。

10月26日周一